Dental caries is one of the most common disease burdens of mankind, which can have widespread influence on systemic health of a human. With aim of relieving the impact of this disease, dental medicine professionals restore tooth substance loss using a variety of artificial materials, which were, until recently, used for aesthetic and functional rehabilitation only. Besides restoration and aesthetic function, recent trends are aimed at biologically acting on the remaining dental tissue by means of remineralization and bond enhancement between the material and dental tissues. New materials are being developed while already available ones are being improved and modified by addition of various bioactive molecules. Before any commercial utilization of such materials, thorough laboratory and clinical studies must be performed. Our project is focused on the creation and evaluation of novel micro- and nano-enhanced materials, their mechanical and biological properties. The aim is to obtain restorative material which will have bioactive properties without negative effect on mechanical and structural performance. Results of this approach should benefit clinical performance and longevity of dental restorations. Bioactive materials are also the pinnacle of current research in endodontics, so another objective of our project is to evaluate the properties and behavior of these materials in root canal under a variety of clinical conditions. Structural analysis will be performed using SEM microscope while micro-CT and finite elements analysis method will be used for material and root canal tooth surface interaction evaluation. Furthermore, third part of research will deal with possibilities of removal of root canal fillings in order to perform root canal retreatment. Novel bio-ceramic materials achieve high levels of adhesion to the tooth surface, thus complicating retreatment. Notable cooperation within the scopes of the project include Ruđer Bošković Institute and Department of Biomaterials in Boston and Ankara.